Space and Cosmos
Accepted Notion of Mars as Lifeless Is Challenged
Some scientists suggest carbon-based molecules may have been destroyed before the Viking landers could find them.

Nobel Winners Sign Letter Backing Obama Space Plan
The letter expresses support for the president’s proposed strategy for NASA and criticizes cuts contained in a NASA authorization bill now before the House.

NASA Tests Engine With an Uncertain Future
NASA is revisiting the question of what rocket to build next and whether solid motors will be part of it.

Flyby
This chronicle of the innovative Voyager mission also ponders the nature and meaning of exploration itself.

Over a Billion Years, Scientists Find, the Moon Went Through a Shrinking Phase
Scientists say that the shrinking may have occurred over a billion years, and that the Moon will not shrink out of view in the future.

National Briefing | South: Mississippi: Ex-Nasa Official Guilty of Conspiracy
Courtney Stadd, NASA’s former chief of staff, pleaded guilty Wednesday in federal court in Gulfport to conspiracy in a case stemming from a $600,000 contract for Mississippi State University, a client of his consulting firm.

Repair Made, Space Station Heads Back to Normal
With a replacement cooling pump successfully installed, the International Space Station’s electrical systems were largely expected to be returned to the usual configuration by Aug. 17.

Observatory: Water on Moon Unlikely, a New Study Indicates
A new study contradicts some recent reports that say the Moon had water at the time of its formation.

Space Station Repair Delayed by Leaks
An unexpected ammonia leak derailed a marathon spacewalk to replace a faulty coolant system pump aboard the International Space Station.

News Analysis: As Space Priorities Shift, Orbiting Station Takes On a Central Role
If the International Space Station were ever abandoned, the United States’ human spaceflight program would lose one of its last remaining reasons for being.

National Briefing | Space: Space Walkers Will Sit It Out Another Day
A spacewalk to replace a broken coolant pump on the International Space Station has been delayed another day to Saturday morning.

Essay: Rumors in Astrophysics Spread at Light Speed
On the Web, whispers of the next big discovery quickly become roars, even when there’s nothing to roar about.

With a Glimmer of a Chance, Stardust Is Identified
Scientists may have identified three specks of interstellar dust that just flew into the solar system, a prospect that was initially deemed hopeless.

Space Station Repair Work Is Scheduled
Two astronauts are scheduled to venture out early Friday to begin repairs on the cooling system of the International Space Station.

Space Station Malfunction Prompts Shutdowns
One of two coolant systems aboard the International Space Station malfunctioned, setting off alarms.

Hints of Earth Splash a Saturnian Moon Landscape
The discovery that Titan’s lakes are evaporating, at least in the Southern Hemisphere, suggests that there are active weather and geological cycles analogous to those on Earth.

Teams of Physicists Closing in on the ‘God Particle’
The data from two separate experiments at Fermilab narrow the range in which the Higgs boson, if it exists, must be hiding.

Star May Be Heaviest Ever Discovered
A huge ball of burning gas may be the heaviest star ever found.

House Panel’s NASA Spending Bill Cuts Back Obama Plan
President Obama planned to spur a commercial market for the launching of people into space and direct the agency to continue developing its own rocket.

NASA’s Messenger Spacecraft Discovers Surprises on Mercury
Images suggest that Mercury was volcanically active well into its middle age, given that it formed 4.5 billion years ago with the rest of the solar system.

A Scientist Takes On Gravity
A string theorist is not tethered to the notion of gravity, saying the force is a consequence of thermodynamics.

Senate Committee’s NASA Plan Cuts Moon Program
The outline, which has White House support, includes investment in commercial partners and development of new spacecraft.

National Briefing | Space: NASA Not Faulted in Manager’s Removal
NASA did nothing improper in removing the head of its return-to-the-moon program, the agency’s inspector general told Congress on Tuesday.

For a Proton, a Little Off the Top (or Side) Could Be Big Trouble
A subatomic particle that anchors atoms and is the building block of all ordinary matter is 4 percent smaller, an experiment shows.

Senate Panel Near Agreement on Bill to Roll Back NASA Changes
The bill would reverse large swaths of President Obama’s proposed changes to NASA’s human space flight program.

National Briefing | Rockies: Colorado: Satellite Launching Is Scrubbed
The launching of a new Air Force space surveillance satellite was delayed due to a software problem in a rocket similar to the one that will lift the satellite into orbit.

X-Ray Laser Resurrects a Laboratory No Longer in the Vanguard
In a shift from particle physics to photon science, an outdated accelerator in Menlo Park, Calif., was converted into the world’s brightest X-ray laser.

In a Space Probe’s Journey, a Test for Japan
Japan’s hopes for a bigger share of the global market for satellites and other space infrastructure may rest on an asteroid mission with only qualified success.

National Briefing | Space: NASA Extends Its Shuttle Countdown
The end of the space shuttle era will be extended until early 2011.

Obama Reverses Bush’s Space Policy
A new space policy renounces the unilateral stance of the Bush administration, emphasizing global cooperation.

At Companies Tied to NASA, Casualties of a Changing Mission
Workers are caught in a conflict between Congress, which has banned NASA from canceling any part of a new lunar mission, and program managers who have been told to scale back.

Panel Demands NASA Documents to Support Budget
A Congressional committee is demanding that the space agency provide a host of records related to its budget request for 2011.

In the Hunt for Planets, Who Owns the Data?
As excitement builds about a list of stars newly suspected of harboring planets, some astronomers are questioning why the Kepler team is holding back some of the data.

World Briefing | Asia: Kazakhstan: 3-Man Rocket Departs for Space Station
A Russian rocket carrying two astronauts from the United States and one from Russia lifted off successfully from Kazakhstan, bound for the international space station.

Contractors Told to Prepare for Moon Program’s End
NASA has scaled back the work it will do in the coming months on its program to return astronauts to the moon, telling contractors to set aside money to cover its potential cancellation.

In New Space Race, Enter the Entrepreneurs
A Nevada company is preparing the solar system’s first private space station.

For Mission to Mars, a New Road Map
NASA officials presented their latest views on carrying out President Obama proposed space policy.

Private Rocket Has Successful First Flight
A privately developed rocket that may eventually carry NASA astronauts to space took off Friday afternoon in what appeared to be an almost flawless flight.

8 Scientists Share $3 Million in Prizes
The Kavli Prizes acknowledge their work in astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience.

National Briefing | South: Florida: Private Company Readies Rocket
A multimillionaire’s newest rocket is poised to blast off Friday from Cape Canaveral in a trial run of what the pioneering company hopes to do for NASA once the shuttles stop flying.

About New York: To Take Baby Pictures of the Universe, Click Here
A telescope will be sent a million miles from Earth to collect images that have been traveling since nearly the beginning of the universe.

Approaching Space Center, and End of Line for Shuttle Program
With a train’s delivery of solid-fuel booster segments to Florida, the program has just two trips left.

Observatory: New Evidence on Mars Formations
There are two striking features on the Northern ice caps of Mars that have intrigued scientists.

Telescope Detects Possible Earth-Size Planet
NASA scientists said the body, 1.5 times the diameter of Earth, orbits a Sun-like star 2,000 light-years away.

Books of The Times: All the Right Stuff and the Gross Stuff
Mary Roach’s book “Packing for Mars” delights in the fringe material associated with astronauts’ life in space.

Astral Bodies
Highlights of Mary Roach’s look at the way humans adapt to spacefaring include zestful accounts of human-waste disposal, body odor control and astral sexual desire.

Exhibition Review: Marveling at Wonders Out of This World
An exhibition at the National Air and Space Museum features 148 extraordinary photographs of moons and planets.

Out of This World, Out of Our Minds
How did you celebrate World U.F.O. Day? You didn’t? Dang.